@elena loooong ago before LLM booming I started with collecting small oneliners to master new skills it might be still useful https://github.com/Hellseher/cix

@elena first thing that comes to mind (if you have the time and available resources) is maybe to attempt to install arch linux from scratch on a unused computer following the archwiki. This should cover everything you mentioned and far more, and gives a very strong basis for future learning. It's not easy tho 😅️

Writing small shell scripts could be a great point to start! 🙂

So maybe have a look at the "bash Cookbook" from O'Reilly.

My (very old) edition of this book used to helped me a lot.

@elena

@elena@aseachange.com for proficiency in the very basics of a Linux command line, Ubuntu actually provides a really good written introduction:
https://documentation.ubuntu.com/desktop/en/latest/tutorial/the-linux-command-line-for-beginners/
Some of the stuff in here is specific to Ubuntu and Debian systems, but a very large chunk of this can be applied to any Linux environment

@elena@aseachange.com The usefulness for your use case may be limited, but the Archlinux wiki has some pretty good coverage on running a Linux system with some depth into CLI and text configs. It is operating under the assumption that you're running specifically Arch, thus specifically Linux, but some of the advice is likely at least related to other similar systems.
Also, a command and concept you'd likely want to get familiar with is man and man pages. In a linux terminal (and probably other unix ones) typing man can give you some documentation on a given command's uses. And you can also look up those "man pages" on the internet (see: https://linux.die.net/man).
Some pages are better than others, but hopefully this could help you learn a bit about some of the tools you're gonna use.

@elena

To get started in programming, Python and Ruby languages are good points to start (but I don't have any good tutorial bookmarks for those).

Then, to understand how computers work (and the link between hardware and software), the Computation Structures course is really good (Creative Commons license, initially created by MIT (https://ocw.mit.edu/6-004S17) and tweaked slightly here - https://personalcompute.net/resources/computation-structures).

@elena use the learn-by-doing approach. Perhaps invert the list, and start with the Linux learning part. The rest follows more naturally.

If you don't run Linux already, maybe start by getting an older machine (cheap) and following online guides to install Linux Mint on that.

With each thing you don't understand, pause to read up on it. When that works, do the same process with FreeBSD.

Most people learn CLI usage by doing stuff and you can pick it up the same way.

@elena I mean as far as programming goes, I'd recommend starting to learn with C

It will teach you HOW things work under the hood, and once you're good with that, you can move out to other languages. The difficulty curve can be steep depending on the person. But it's imho the best way to start.

If you want to jump into things faster, python is widely used to introduce kids to programming these days.

As for your goals, I don't think they are directly related to programming. Those are more in the domain of a sysadmin

@elena very cool!

Re 3., @JulianOliver runs (paid) courses along these lines that look really good.

@elena this is a harder question to answer than i thought it would be. i'm mainly self thought but i did learn the basics from books and then built up my knowledge by solving specific problems that i came across. i honestly have no idea where I’d start now 🤷‍♀️

@elena I'd tend to say that your goals are somewhat orthogonal to learning programming. I teach coding to adults and am strongly in favour of starting with something like Scratch. It lets you get the logic of how code works, while avoiding the commonest pitfalls (syntax errors), and there's lots of examples and tutorials to work from. After that, I'd look at Python, which actually fits fairly well with your CLI goals as it exists mostly everywhere and you can use it for systems programming.

@elena Oh great! So, I think of all your goals as "computer operating" rather than "computer programming".

What always helps me is keeping "notes" files. So, e.g. for goal 1) Working through whatever I'm trying to do, list out the steps I think I've discovered to do it, then follow the listed steps to see if they actually cut the mustard.

And for goal 2) I've found that making a shell script – zsh for me – that runs rsync commands and prints out diagnostic info, developed my rsync confidence.

@elena I am an experiential learner, so I learn best by doing and experimenting. If you’re not morally opposed to them, LLMs are great at this. Just prompt for the CLI command you want and ask for detailed explanation. For many, the CLI is like playing an instrument—you have to keep in practice.

Khan Academy is an excellent online training site for learning skills and concepts. Go at your own pace.

And Coursera partners with Universities for actual degrees online. This is more formal.

@elena

If you are into learning more about the command line start with shell scripts, getting that under your belt will help you in all your mgmt work.

Then I would pick Swift. It runs on Linux and now NetBSD, it is the same language that is used by iOS and Mac if you ever wanted to do anything there. It is modern and type safe with lots of good tutorials available for free on YouTube. See @twostraws @StewartLynch as starters.

That's my $0.02.